With this story Plato raises questions about relationships between science and technology as well as technological and other forms of power.
As Critias describes Atlantis, it was rich in both natural resources and technical developments-indeed, its technological works are described as "incredible" (Critias 118c) canals, fortifications, and palaces-but lacking in wisdom. The Timaeus describes a prehistorically virtuous Athens, embodying the natural harmonies argued in the Republic, that defeats attack from the unlawful empire of Atlantis, once located in the Atlantic Ocean beyond the Iberian peninsula and the North African coast. These two dialogues attempt to relate the political philosophy of the Republic, the argument of which is reviewed at the beginning to the Timaeus, to natural philosophy. Thus, mesenchymal stem cells emerge as both subject to and key mediators of organismal aging.The story of Atlantis was invented by Plato in an unfinished sequel to the Republic constituted by the Timaeus and the Critias. We observe that while the literature might often appear to conflict, many apparent discrepancies are attributable to inconsistent methods of extracting and isolating MSC which in fact contains various subsets of adult stem cells, varying not only in their differentiation potential but also in their vulnerability to senescence-ranging from quasi-somatic lifespan to perennial vigour. Evidence for extrinsic aging and various aging markers relating to morphology, proliferation, signalling, senescence markers, telomeres and telomerase, and other indicators is discussed. By means of introduction, a brief overview is given of current MSC definitions and their basic role in tissue regeneration followed by a comparative analysis of gerontological studies involving MSC.
This review collates and examines recent data in support of these different theories.
Questions arise to what extent these cells are either subject to, or causes of aging whether age-related changes in these cells are due to intrinsic factors or induced by the somatic environment. The role of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in tissue maintenance and regeneration has received significant attention of late.
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